Gambling is an activity where people risk something of value (money or material goods) on the outcome of a random event, like the roll of a dice, the spin of a roulette wheel, or the outcome of a horse race. It is often a form of entertainment or recreation and can be regulated by law. People can gamble in many ways, from placing a bet on the next coin toss at a bar to playing cards with friends at home. Gambling can also involve taking part in online or land-based casino games.
Problem gambling is a serious condition that causes someone to experience repeated and escalating losses, even when they are trying to break even. The behavior is characterized by an intense craving for the next big win, loss control and a negative change in attitude or personality. It is similar to other addictions in that it provides short term relief but contributes to further problems in the long run.
Unlike other addictive behaviors, which usually involve ingesting chemicals, gambling is a legal activity that can be very dangerous to one’s health. It is estimated that about 10% of people who engage in gambling activities become compulsive and are at risk of a range of psychiatric disorders. It is therefore important for physicians to recognize the signs and symptoms of gambling disorder in their patients and evaluate them for possible psychiatric problems.
There is a growing role for primary care clinicians to assess patients’ gambling behaviors and screen them for pathological gambling. This article reviews the evidence supporting this practice, as well as discusses the risk factors for developing a gambling problem and treatment options.
When a person begins gambling, they usually do so as an enjoyable way to pass the time or to have fun with friends. They plan their budget and go out with a specific amount in mind that they are willing to spend on the entertainment. However, if the behavior becomes problematic it stops being a source of entertainment and becomes a means of profit or escape. This leads to further financial and emotional harms.
The risk factors for developing a gambling disorder include a history of family members with gambling issues, age and sex. People who begin gambling as teenagers or young adults are more likely to develop a gambling addiction, but compulsive gambling can occur in people of any age.
When a person is at risk of developing a gambling problem, it is important to know their own limits and to avoid triggers such as alcohol and gambling, or socializing with gamblers. It is also a good idea to always start with the maximum amount of money that you are willing to lose and never chase your losses. It is also helpful to remember that casinos are in the business of making money, so tipping dealers (by handing them a chip and clearly saying “This is for you”) and cocktail waitresses is always appropriate.